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Some cool stamping components china pictures:

Red Rose

Image by Connie Campbell pictures Crossville, Al
Fast Rose Facts

The rose is the official National Floral Emblem of the United States. This legislation was signed into law by President Ronald Reagan on October 7, 1986. The rose is also the state flower selected by Georgia, Iowa, New York, North Dakota and the District of Columbia.

3 separate nationally performed public opinion polls, dating from 1975 to 1986, found the rose to be the quantity one selection of more than 85 % of those people surveyed.

George Washington, our first president, was also our initial U.S. rose breeder!

In 1994, over 1,200,000,000 roses had been purchased by U.S. flower buyers. This works out to a per capita consumption of four.67 per individual.

The rose is native to the United States. The oldest fossilized imprint of a rose was left on a slate deposit in Florissant, Colorado, which is estimated to be 35 million years old.

There are practically 900 acres of greenhouse location devoted to the production of fresh cut roses in the U.S.

About 60% of the roses grown in the U.S. are made in California.

One particular acre of greenhouse rose production in the U.S. is valued at about one particular million dollars, including value of plants, greenhouse structure and land.

The most well-liked rose holidays in the U.S. are Valentine’s Day, Mother’s Day and Christmas.

Columbus found America because of a rose! It is written that on October 11, 1492, even though becalmed in the Sargasso Sea, one of the crewmen picked a rose branch from the water. This sign of land renewed their hope for survival and gave the seafarers the courage to continue on to the New Planet.

History
– The father of Botany Theophrastus (371-286 BC) initial classified and identified plants. In his classic books Enquiry into plants and De Causis Plantarum (The causes of plants) he wrote about a “hundred-petaled rose” and known as it centifolia (actually: hundred petals).
– Roman Emperor Nero liked to shower his guests with fresh rose petals. According to the legend, the dense rose-petal cloud nearly suffocated some of the guests.
– In the Middle Ages, it was customary for the wealthy to place rose petals and rose oil in their baths. A lot of noblewomen carried bouquets of fragrant flowers to cover physique odors.
– The early Christians saw a correlation in between the 5 petals of the Rosa sancta and the 5 wounds of Christ. The red rose stood for Christ’s blood, even though the white rose for the Virgin Mary.
– It was in the 17th century that French explorer Samuel de Champlain brought the first cultivated roses to North America. Much more about Rose history.

Superlatives
– The oldest garden rose is the Rosa Gallica Officinalis, the apothecary rose. The oldest garden rose classes incorporate the Albas, Centifolias and Damasks. See Old Garden Roses and Renowned rose kinds.
– The initial patent ever registered for a plant was a patent for a hybridized rose, which gave “ever-blooming” traits to the climbing rose. It was issued by the United States Patent Workplace on August 18th to Henry F. Bosenberg for his “Climbing or Trailing Rose”.
– The largest rose ever bred was a pink rose measuring roughly 33 inches in diameter. It was bred by Nikita K. Rulhoksoffski from San Onofre, California. The world’s biggest rosebush is a white Lady Banksia located in Tombstone, Arizona. It is original root came over from Scotland in 1885. From a single trunk, which is practically six feet in diameter, it spreads more than an arbor that covers over 8,00 square feet, sufficient to shelter a crowd of 150 people.
– The world’s oldest living rose is believed to be 1,000 years old. It grows on the wall of the Cathedral of Hildesheim in Germany and its presence is documented considering that A.D. 815. According to the legend, the rosebush symbolizes the prosperity of the city of Hildesheim as extended as it flourishes, Hildesheim will not decline. In 1945 allied bombers destroyed the cathedral, yet the bush survived. Its roots remained intact beneath the debris, and soon the bush was developing robust again.
– The largest private rose garden in the globe is in Cavriglia, Italy, and holds more than 7,500 distinct varieties of roses. Far more about the Cavriglia rose garden and other well-known rose gardens.
– The only rose identified to have only four petals is Rosa Sericea, brought to Europe kind the Himalayas at the end of the nineteenth century.
– The oldest representation of a rose is a fresco in the palace of Minos in Cnossos, Crete. It depicts a 5-petaled pink rose dates to about 1450 B.C.
– At initial, rose oil was added to medicine to mask their bitter taste. It was only afterwards that the medicinal virtues of rose oil had been found.
– The initial rose to leave the earth was as miniature rose referred to as “Overnight Scentsation” that had been cultivated by IFF researcher Dr. Braja Mookherjee for experiments in space. The rose needed to be small to fit inside Astroculture, a plant growth chamber measuring 17 by 9 by 21 inch enclosure and developed for the middeck of the space shuttle to supplies plants with the appropriate temperature, humidity, light, and nutrients throughout spaceflight. The purpose was to measure how low-gravity would influence the rose’s smell.
The buds of the smallest roses, are the size of a grain of rice.

Rose sector
The apothecary rose, R. gallica officinalis, first recorded in the 13th century, was the foundation of a huge business near the city of Provins, France. The rose was believed to remedy a multitude of illnesses and Provins was an important center of rose confectionary, producing rose petal jam, Provinean rose honey and rose candy.
– Today, 150 million rose plants are bought by gardeners worldwide every year.
– 60% of the roses grown in the U.S. are developed in California.
– The rose is the favored flower of 85% of Americans.

America’s Favourite Flower

Universally accepted as living symbols of adore, friendship, success and peace, roses are becoming much more and more common as gifts for all occasions and, as properly, for spur-of-the-moment, daily expressions of good feelings. They are becoming utilised as birthday and anniversary gifts, to decorate a hostess table, to say “thank you” for a job effectively completed, or to say “I really like you” at a most unexpected time.

The classic lines and beauty of the rose appeal to just about everyone, whether or not man or lady, contemporary or traditional, young or old. A rose present is the excellent answer for the individual who “has almost everything.” It is always the appropriate size, shape and color, and it is in no way as well fattening. What’s far more, the size of a rose bouquet can be adjusted to fit any pocketbook.

Symbol of Celebration

Roses have been a gorgeous symbol of celebration in all cultures. Absolutely nothing expresses personal sentiments greater than roses, and they’re constantly in style. What ever colour or size you choose, roses are ideal and completely gorgeous. Who can ever forget the very first time they received roses?

Roses in the U.S.

The rose has been selected by Georgia, Iowa, New York, North Dakota and the District of Columbia as their official flower. Provided the tremendous popularity of roses amongst Americans, it’s no wonder that resolutions were introduced in Congress in 1986 to name the rose the National Flower.

The Christmas Rose

Roses constantly make stunning and timely gifts, and they fit in specially effectively throughout the vacation season. According to legend, the rose really came to be linked with Christmas on the evening that Christ was born. As the quite touching story of the Christmas rose goes, a small shepherdess was saddened due to the fact she had no present to provide the Child of Bethlehem. Sustaining vigil more than her sheep, she wept and wept – and her tears soaked the ground where she stood.

Abruptly an angel appeared, touched the tear-softened earth, and the ground sprang alive with stunning roses. Right away the girl gathered a magnificent bouquet of these Christmas roses and joyfully carried them to Christ’s manger. Just as quickly as He laid eyes on them, the Holy Kid turned from the gems and gold of the Wise Guys and extended His tiny hands in the direction of the flowers.

Roots

Roses are native to the United States. Rose fossils that have been carbon dated some 35 million years old have been identified in Montana and Oregon. There are 30,000 or far more rose varieties identified nowadays and no other flower has such a difficult family tree. The authorities divide all roses into two groups, “old roses,” or those cultivated in Europe just before 1800 (the red rose falls into this category) and “modern roses,” which began to be cultivated in England and France about the turn of the 19th century. In olden times, roses bloomed only as soon as a year. Now, though, roses are offered to us via florist shops each single day of the year.

Roses Throughout History

Throughout history, roses had been employed in incredibly extravagant techniques. The Romans believed nothing at all of carpeting their large banquet halls with rose petals, and it is said that Cleopatra after received her beloved Marc Antony in a area literally knee-deep in rose petals.

Acclaim for the Rose

The rose has been acclaimed in an practically endless quantity of techniques. For instance:

The rose is the only flower to which a garden has been completely devoted on the grounds of the United Nations, on the White House grounds in Washington, D.C., and in thousands of public parks all through the nation.

The month of June has been set aside as National Rose Month since 1969.

The fourth week in June has been designated by the Governor of Indiana as “A Rose for Friendship Week” due to the practically single-handed efforts of J. B. Hoy, a semi-retired businessman.

The rose inspires style, interior style, sculpture and architecture. It is the style theme for numerous patterns of silver, china, wallpaper, carpet and clothing. The “bed of roses” is one particular of the most well-known motifs for spreads and coverlets.

Fairy tales carry themes of roses to kids. Grimm’s Beauty and the Beast, for example, characterizes the rose that Beauty’s father picked in the Beast’s castle garden. In Alice in Wonderland, the gardeners painted white roses red to please the Queen of Hearts.

Roses and Royalty

The rose is named the “Queen of Flowers.” While roses are readily obtainable to all of us, they also have been identified to “hob nob” with royalty. The King of Sweden, for instance, sent Silvia Sommerlath, now his wife and Sweden’s Queen, 1 dozen yellow roses each day during a four-year romance. That adds up to 1,461 dozen . . . or 17,532 individual flowers.

Queen Elizabeth and Princess Grace of Monaco are amongst these who have had roses named soon after them.

Rose Stamp

The rose was initial honored by the U.S. Postal Service in 1978 with its really own stamp. It’s a very first class stamp that features illustrations of two award-winning roses.

The Quest for the Perfect Rose

Today’s roses are the outcome of centuries of genetic reshuffling, the function of each nature and man. Rose hybridizers have been able to combine and recombine genes for continual improvement. The benefits have been new colors, forms, textures, habits and fragrances, far more vigor and disease resistance.

Most of the roses presently on the market place primarily have been produced by the operate of about 50 skilled hybridizers. Each and every one particular cross-pollinates thousands of roses every year in hopes of finding that “perfect” one. The number of possible genetic combinations for new roses is thoughts boggling, but the odds have been placed at about one hundred,000 to 1 against any certain cross-fertilization producing an outstanding new rose.

George Washington – Our Initial Rose Breeder

George Washington, our initial president, was our 1st rose breeder as properly. Washington laid out his personal garden at Mt. Vernon and filled it with his personal selections of roses. He named a single of his varieties soon after his mother and it is nonetheless being grown nowadays.

The World’s Biggest Rosebush

The world’s biggest rosebush is located in a city named Tombstone in Arizona. Planted from a slip from yet another rosebush in the late 18th century, its trunk is practically six feet around.

When in full bloom, this rosebush has a lot more than 200,000 blossoms – and its branches spread out six feet thick over an arbor under which much more than 150 folks can be seated comfortably.

The Rose in Music

Some four,000 songs have been written about roses like:

Rose of Tralee
The Last Rose of Summer
Red Roses for a Blue Lady
Everything’s Comin’ Up Roses
Ramblin’ Rose
Moonlight and Roses
Primrose Lane
My Wild Irish Rose
To a Wild Rose
Only a Rose
Yellow Rose of Texas
San Antonio Rose
Second Hand Rose
Mighty Like a Rose
Rose of Washington Square
Days of Wine and Roses
I Didn’t Guarantee You a Rose Garden
When She Wore a Tulip and I Wore a Red, Red Rose
Mexicalli Rose

Interesting Facts about Roses

The rose is the favorite flower of 85% of Americans.

In 1986, then President Ronald Reagan signed legislation creating the rose the official National Flower of the United States.

George Washington bred roses at his house.

A fossilized rose, which was 35 million years old, was found in Florissant, Colorado.

More than 900 acres of greenhouse roses are harvested in the United States every year. 60% of these are grown in California.

Florists sell millions of roses every year in the United States. The two greatest days for sales are Mother’s Day and Valentine’s Day. Christmas is the third highest day for rose sales.

Columbus’ crew picked a rose branch out of the ocean on October 11, 1492. This signaled the presence of land. The really subsequent day, Columbus discovered America.

Rose hips contain more Vitamin C than any other fruit or vegetable.

Ancient Romans believed that white roses grew where the tears of Venus fell when she was mourning Adonis.

Shakespeare referred to roses over fifty times in his operates.

Mythology says that roses grew thorns when Cupid accidentally shot an arrow into a rose garden.

The oldest rose in the planet has flourished for over 1,000 years on the wall of Hildeshiem

Cathedral in Germany.

For centuries, roses have inspired enjoy and brought beauty to these who have received them. In truth, the rose’s wealthy heritage dates back thousands of years. The Society of American Florists compiled this list of intriguing rose facts from a assortment of sources:

A lot more Fascinating Information about Roses

Folks have been passionate about roses because the beginning of time. In reality, it is stated that the floors of Cleopatra’s palace had been carpeted with delicate rose petals, and that the smart and understanding Confucius had a 600 book library especially on how to care for roses.

Wherefore art thou rose? In the readings of Shakespeare, of course. He refers to roses much more than 50 instances all through his writings.

1,000 years old. That is the age the world’s oldest living rose is thought to be. Right now it continues to flourish on the wall of the Hildesheim Cathedral of Germany.

Why white roses are so particular is no mystery – it’s a myth. Maybe it started with the Romans who believed white roses grew where the tears of Venus fell as she mourned the loss of her beloved Adonis. Myth also has it that Venus’ son Cupid accidentally shot arrows into the rose garden when a bee stung him, and it was the “sting” of the arrows that brought on the roses to grow thorns. And when Venus walked by way of the garden and pricked her foot on a thorn, it was the droplets of her blood which turned the roses red.

It is official – the rose is New York’s state flower.

The rose is a legend in it’s personal. The story goes that in the course of the Roman empire, there was an incredibly stunning maiden named Rhodanthe. Her beauty drew many zealous suitors who pursued her relentlessly. Exhausted by their pursuit, Rhodanthe was forced to take refuge from her suitors in the temple of her buddy Diana. Unfortunately, Diana became jealous. And when the suitors broke down her temple gates to get near their beloved Rhodanthe she also became angry, turning Rhodanthe into a rose and her suitors into thorns.

Dolly Parton might be recognized for her music and theme park. But rose lovers know her for the orange red variety bearing her name.

A rose by any other name… according to Greek Mythology, it was Aphrodite who gave the rose its name.

While the rose could bear no fruit, the rose hips (the part left on the plant after a rose is completed blooming) contain far more Vitamin C than practically any other fruit or vegetable.

The rose is a symbol of occasions. In truth, it’s the official National Floral Emblem of the United States.

Leave it to the romantic French to be the ones to very first provide roses. It was in the seventeenth century that French explorer Samuel deChamplain brought the first cultivated roses to North America.

Roses are genuinely ageless. Not too long ago, archaeologists found the fossilized remains of wild roses more than 40 million years old.

The individuals of ancient Greece utilized roses to accessorize. On festive occasions they would adorn themselves with garlands of roses, and splash themselves with rose-scented oil.

Napoleon’s wife Josephine so adored roses, she grew more than 250 varieties.

For the past 30 years and counting, June has been the National Rose Month in the United States.

The Present of Adore

Folks everywhere adore roses. A charming ritual incorporating roses is a central element of some wedding ceremonies held at a church in Tarzana, California. The minister presents a red rose to both the bride and groom. The couple is then instructed to exchange roses, thereby providing to each and every other the symbolic gift of enjoy as their very first present as husband and wife. At the end of the ceremony, they are advised to resolve any conflicts they may possibly have in the years ahead by presenting every other with red roses.

A lot more and more couples keep this tradition throughout their married lives, presenting every single other 1 rose for every single year of marriage on every anniversary.

Rose Buying Tips

All roses are gorgeous, but all roses are not necessarily alike. To be positive you get the quite very best, take your organization to a florist.

A straightforward case of supply and demand impacts the cost of Valentine’s Day roses:

Valentine’s Day inspires the heaviest demand for extended-stemmed roses, and several rosebuds should be sacrificed to create a single lengthy-stemmed rose.

Following the Christmas season demand for red roses is filled, growers need 50-70 days to create adequate roses for Valentine’s Day.

Winter’s shorter daylight hours and larger power charges hamper efforts to grow big rose crops.

Inclement climate usually needs extreme measures to guarantee that flowers are delivered in time.

To fulfill the tremendous number of orders for Valentine’s Day flowers, florists have to hire further aid, perform longer hours and acquire further delivery automobiles and drivers.

In short, roses in February are every single bit as specific as you would anticipate

Satisfied Lunar New Year 2009

Image by Eustaquio Santimano
Chinese New Year or Spring Festival is a single of the most crucial standard Chinese holidays. It is occasionally named the Lunar New Year, particularly by men and women outside China. The festival traditionally begins on the first day of the initial lunar month (Chinese: 正月 pinyin: zhēng yuè) in the Chinese calendar and ends on the 15th this day is referred to as Lantern Festival. Chinese New Year’s Eve is identified as Chúxī. It literally means &quotYear-pass Eve&quot.

Celebrated in regions with huge populations of ethnic Chinese, Chinese New Year is considered a major holiday for the Chinese and has had influence on the new year celebrations of its geographic neighbours, as effectively as cultures with whom the Chinese have had in depth interaction. These consist of Aboriginal Taiwanese people, Koreans, Mongolians, Nepalese, Bhutanese, Vietnamese, and formerly the Japanese just before 1873. In Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and other countries or regions with important Han Chinese populations, Chinese New Year is also celebrated, and has, to varying degrees, grow to be element of the standard culture of these nations. In Canada, even though Chinese New Year is not an official vacation, a lot of ethnic Chinese hold big celebrations and Canada Post concerns New Year’s themed stamps in domestic and international prices.

Although the Chinese calendar traditionally does not use constantly numbered years, its years are typically numbered from the reign of Huangdi outdoors China. But at least three distinct years numbered 1 are now used by various scholars, creating the year 2008 &quotChinese Year&quot 4706, 4705, or 4645.

The 2009 date for Chinese New Year is January 26.

A few good stamping components china pictures I discovered:

5. midnight_and_extremely_cold

Image by Jim Surkamp
Ambrose Ranson Remembers Jefferson County in the 1840s &amp 1850s Part two
youtu.be/sKyR3ZLv55I TRT: 8:16

civilwarscholars.com/?p=11948 2436 words

This is taken from one particular of six essays written for Sewanee Assessment from 1913 to 1915 by Ambrose Robert Hite Ranson (1831-1919) about his developing up years living at his household house, Gap View, and his experiences for the duration of the Civil War as a Confederate officer. His observations are quite informative about every day life pre-war amid unacceptable observations condoning the enslavement of other human beings. His account is still crucial in its rendering of day-to-day operate on a farm in the 1840s and 1850s in Jefferson County, Virginia, one particular of the most agricultural counties in the Virginias. These circumstances had been substantially distinct in the northern Shenandoah Valley when compared to the brutal monocultures in the deep South. Enslavement in Jefferson County, based on writings of those – white and black – who lived right here then – was a single of diverse function, the pervasive fear of becoming sold south, pockets of profound cruelty, and the tantalizing nearness of the option of escaping to freedom.

Created possible with the generous, community-minded help of American Public University Program, delivering an affordable, good quality, online education. The views and interpretations in any videos here and at civilwarscholars.com do not in any way reflect contemporary-day policies of American Public University Technique, and are intended to encourage finding out and discussion. Far more at apus.edu

REMINISCENCES OF THE CIVIL WAR BY A
CONFEDERATE Staff OFFICER* 8058 words

(1st PAPER)

Plantation Life in Virginia Prior to the War Component 2

1. There_was_a_wedding_Bedington
There was a wedding in our neighborhood at Bedington, the residence of the Bedingers, and my

2. sister_was_bridesmaid_Strother_WVU
3. to_her_cousin_Fannie_Davenport_wvhistoryonview
sister was bridesmaid to her cousin. In these days a home party was arranged in much far more basic fashion than now. The homes had few rooms, but generally really large ones, and all the bridesmaids have been quartered in 1 room. At this wedding there was a girl from Hoboken,

4. a_Miss_Sevens_Judy_James_Ware
a Miss Stevens, of the wealthy loved ones of that name.

When my sister returned property she did not unpack her trunk till late at night. My father was sitting up reading, when she entered the space in great distress, holding in her hands Miss Stevens’s jewel-case, containing such jewels as we had never ever noticed prior to. It was

five. midnight_and_very_cold
midnight and quite cold, and a heavy snow was falling.

six. Frank_his_trusted_servant_Strother_WVU
My father sent for Frank, his trusted servant, and providing the case into his hands and telling him it was worth a lot more than all he owned, ordered him to get a horse and ride to Bedington four miles distant and give the case into the hands of Miss Stevens, and no 1 else. Frank produced the ride that stormy evening and compelled the lady to come down in her evening clothes and get the jewel-case and write a letter of acknowledgement. Some careless maid had packed Miss Steven’s jewels in my sister’s trunk.

7. Ahead of_the_railroad_Map_Maryland_1831
Prior to the railroad was built, Frank drove the wagon of flour to Baltimore, and, even right after the railroad was constructed, nonetheless Frank went every year ahead of Christmas to Baltimore

8. load_of_flour_Currier_Ives
with a load of flour, bringing back a load which created everyone, white and black, satisfied at that festival.

9. arrived_following_dark_Strother_Feb_1855_P_300
He normally arrived soon after dark, and the large canopied wagon was driven to the front door and left there for the duration of the evening, the six wonderful smoking horses possessing been led away to the steady. Soon after supper the wagon was unloaded and the treasures revealed to us, the kids.

In these days the issue, or commission merchant, had duties which are unknown now. When he sold the flour he filled orders for every conceivable want of the household. I met an old factor, following I came to Baltimore to reside, who told me he had, with the help of his

10. whole_trousseau_of_several_a_bride_Metropolitan_Museum
wife, bought and had created up the complete trousseau of a lot of a bride, apart from outfits for the whole families of his pals in the nation. The reader can imagine what an event Frank’s arrival with his wagon was to us. I have now a handsome service of china which was brought from Baltimore on Frank’s wagon. 1 Christmas observance the negroes had which was very peculiar.

11. when_the_hogs_have been_killed_wikipedia
When the hogs had been killed in December they preserved the bladders and, inflating them and tying the necks tightly to retain the air, they hung them up to dry, and on Christmas morning, even though the stars were shining, they laid them on the frozen ground under the windows of the

12. and_exploded_them_by_stamping_on_them_Harpers_Aug_1872_P_350
white folks and exploded them by stamping on them, thus awakening the family and saluting them on the arrival of the excellent festival.

13. one particular_of_the_songs_Ox_Cart_Van_Gogh
I don’t forget portion of a single of the songs which the ox-driver sang in a slow monotone, sitting on the pole of the ox-cart, and keeping time to the slow, swinging steps of the oxen: &quotSee the bull go to school, hooie booie, hooie booie, See the bull go to college, hooie booie John. See the bull go to school, with his book on his horn, And that is the last of old blind John. See the cow develop the mill, hooie booie, hooie booie, See the cow create the mill, hooie booie John. See the cow construct the mill, water runnin’ up the hill, An that is the last of old blind John.” The verses had been endless and appear to have been extemporized as he drove along.

14. The_masters_element_was_not_tough_Harpers_August_1856_P_317
The master’s part was not difficult. He was sort simply because kindness paid him effectively. He took care of his slave since it was cash in his pocket to do so, and income out of his pocket if he did not. Of course, there were other and higher motives in people, but we must look for a motive for the multitude. That the negro was far better housed, better fed, better clothed, and better looked right after in sickness than now, was basically because the owner had money at stake. He had warm clothing, a lot of wholesome meals, and a good physician when ill, due to the fact of that funds.

In September the cloth and yarn for his winter clothes were brought property from the factory, and the function of making up began and was only completed at Christmas. In each household there was a lady who could cut out the garments, and all the younger girls had been taught how to sew and knit. In the course of the year, all the girls, in clean frocks, assembled in some room in the wonderful house every morning, and the class of sewers and knitters was presided more than by some

15. spectacled_old_negro_woman_Sojourner_Truth_wikipedia
spectacled old negro woman, whose word was law to them. The function of producing up the clothing and knitting yarn socks went on beneath her supervision, and at Christmas each man and lady on the location appeared in new garments and new shoes and warm woolen stockings. Every man had an

16. overcoat_every single_four_years_Strother_WVu_Stephen
overcoat every four years, and a flannel jacket, known as by them a ’warmus’, to put on below his waistcoat in cold climate.

17. tobacco_was_issued_Dunhill
18. when_a_boy_I_loved_to_be_the_distributer_Srother_WVU_boy_smoking
His tobacco was issued to him after a week, and when a boy I loved to be the distributer. Occasionally it was bought in kegs of about 100 pounds, and was known as ‘black-strap’, and one

19. Some_of_them_chewed_it_Kennedy_Swallow_Barn_P_405
20. smoked_it_in_their_corncob_pipes_Kennedy_Swallow_Barn_P_448
strap, often two, was the ration. Some of them chewed it and some of them smoked it in their corncob pipes, when tobacco was raised from the virgin soil. Each year a farmer would clear a small patch of ground, sufficient for the desires of his farm, and plant it in tobacco. The fragrance of the negro’s corncob pipe was notorious, and was due to the truth that no fertilizer had been utilized in developing his tobacco.

21. smoke

References:

Ranson, A. R. H. “Reminiscences of a Civil War Employees Officer By A Confederate Staff Officer, 1st Paper: Plantation Life in Virginia Prior to the War.” The Sewanee Assessment. Vol. 21, No. (4 Oct. 1913), pp. 428-447.

Ranson, A. R. H. “Reminiscences of a Civil War Employees Officer By A Confederate Staff Officer, 1st Paper: Plantation Life in Virginia Just before the War.” The Sewanee Overview.
Net Archives. archive.org 26 January 1997 Web. 20 January 2014.
archive.org 26 January 1997 Net. 20 January 2014.