Month: March 2016

Good Metal Components China images

Good Metal Components China images

Klarm Prototyping

A couple of nice metal components china pictures I located:

Intersection
metal parts china
Image by tom$
from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCTV_Headquarters

The CCTV Headquarters is a skyscraper in the Beijing Central Company District. The constructing is the headquarters of China Central Tv. Groundbreaking took location on September 22, 2004 and the creating was completed in December 2008. Rem Koolhaas and Ole Scheeren of OMA were the architects for the developing, whilst Arup provided the complex engineering style. It stands at 234 metres (768 ft) tall and has 51 floors.

The major developing is not a traditional tower, but a continuous loop of six horizontal and vertical sections covering four,one hundred,000 square feet (381,000 m2) of floor space, generating an irregular grid on the building’s facade with an open center. The construction of the creating is deemed to be a structural challenge, especially simply because it is in a seismic zone. Due to the fact of its radical shape, it has acquired the nickname dà kùchǎ (大裤衩), meaning &quotbig shorts&quot.

The creating was constructed in two sections that were joined to total the loop on December 26, 2007. In order not to lock in structural differentials this connection was planned to be completed at the coldest time of night when the steel in the two towers cooled to the very same temperature.The CCTV developing was component of a media park intended to kind a landscape of public entertainment, outdoor filming locations, and production studios as an extension of the central green axis of the CBD.

An adjacent constructing in the complicated, the ‘Television Cultural Center’, burned down in a spectacular fire ignited by fireworks on Lantern Festival day, February 9, 2009, just before the building’s scheduled completion in May possibly 2009. It was to have the Beijing Mandarin Oriental Hotel, a visitor’s center, a big public theatre, and exhibition space. Its shell remains visible from the primary intersection of the new Central Organization District by way of the window of the major CCTV headquarters developing.

The Office for Metropolitan Architecture won the contract from the Beijing International Tendering Co. to construct the CCTV Headquarters and the Tv Cultural Center by its side on December 20, 2002. It is among the 1st of 300 new towers in the new Beijing CBD. Administration, news, broadcasting, and program production offices and studios are all contained inside.

Youth Culture – Punk 1980s-1990s
metal parts china
Image by brizzle born and bred
If you’re a fierce individualist who has a bone to pick with the profit-driven world, you may possibly be a punk. Never be a punk just simply because you consider it is cool. Punk is a mindset and you don’t have to dress or appear like something or conform to a name. You can not be a blue collar and be punk.

Getting the hair merchandise, the garments, and the music that’s buying into society, which is precisely what punk is against. So know who you are, know the cause for the culture, and comprehend the which means behind the word.

The punk subculture involves a diverse array of ideologies, and types of expression, which includes fashion, visual art, dance, literature, and film, which grew out of punk rock.

The punk subculture emerged in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia in the mid-1970s. Exactly which region originated punk has lengthy been a significant controversy within the movement.

Two UK punks in a train carriage in 1986 note the hand-stencilled Crass symbol painted on the coat of on the man on the rightEarly punk had an abundance of antecedents and influences, and Jon Savage has described the subculture as a &quotbricolage&quot of virtually every single earlier youth culture that existed in the West because the Second Globe War &quotstuck together with safety pins&quot.

A variety of philosophical, political, and artistic movements influenced the subculture. In specific, punk drew inspiration from a number of strains of modern day art. Numerous writers, books, and literary movements were essential to the formation of the punk aesthetic.

Punk rock has a assortment of musical origins each within the rock and roll genre and beyond.

The earliest kind of punk rock, named protopunk in retrospect, started as a garage rock revival in the northeastern United States in the late 1960s.

The first ongoing music scene that was assigned the punk label appeared in New York City amongst 1974 and 1976.

At about the identical time or shortly afterward, a punk scene developed in London.

Quickly after, Los Angeles became property to the third major punk scene.

These 3 cities formed the backbone of the burgeoning movement, but there have been also other scenes in a number of cities such as Brisbane and Boston.

About 1977, the subculture started to diversify with the proliferation of factions such as two Tone, Oi!, pop punk, New Wave, and No Wave. In the United States in the course of the early 1980s, punk underwent a renaissance in the kind of hardcore punk, which sought to do away with the frivolities introduced in the later years of the original movement, whilst at the identical time Britain saw a parallel movement known as streetpunk.

Hardcore and streetpunk then spread to other regions just as the original subculture had. In the mid-1980s to the early 1990s in America, different underground scenes either directly evolved from punk or at least applied its attitudes to new styles, in the method creating the alternative rock and indie music scenes.

A new movement in the United States became visible in the early and mid-1990s that sought to revive the punk movement, doing away with some of the trappings of hardcore.

Fashion

Punks seek to outrage others with the hugely theatrical use of clothes, hairstyles, cosmetics, tattoos, jewelry and physique modification.

Early punk style adapted each day objects for aesthetic effect: ripped clothing was held with each other by safety pins or wrapped with tape ordinary clothing was customized by embellishing it with marker or adorning it with paint a black bin liner became a dress, shirt or skirt security pins and razor blades had been used as jewelry.

Also common have been leather, rubber, and vinyl clothing that the general public associates with transgressive sexual practices like bondage and S&ampM.

Punk fashion in the early 1980s

Some punks put on tight &quotdrainpipe&quot jeans, plaid/tartan trousers, kilts or skirts, T-shirts, leather jackets (which are usually decorated with painted band logos, pins and buttons, and metal studs or spikes), and footwear such as Converse sneakers, skate shoes, brothel creepers, or Dr. Martens boots.

Some early punks sometimes wore garments displaying a Nazi swastika for shock-value, but most modern punks are staunchly anti-racist and are far more most likely to put on a crossed-out swastika symbol.

Some punks reduce their hair into Mohawks or other dramatic shapes, style it to stand in spikes, and colour it with vibrant, unnatural hues.

Some punks are anti-fashion, arguing that punk need to be defined by music or ideology. This is most common in the post-1980s US hardcore punk scene, where members of the subculture usually dressed in plain T-shirts and jeans, rather than the a lot more elaborate outfits and spiked, dyed hair of their British counterparts.

Dance

Two dance designs related with punk are pogo dancing and moshing. Stage diving and crowd surfing were originally related with protopunk bands such as The Stooges, and have appeared at punk, metal and rock concerts. Ska punk promoted an updated version of skanking.

Hardcore dancing is a later development influenced by all of the above mentioned styles.

Psychobillies choose to &quotwreck&quot, a kind of slam dancing that involves individuals punching each and every other in the chest and arms as they move about the circle pit.

Punk Rock

Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed among 1974 and 1976 in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in garage rock and other types of what is now recognized as protopunk music, punk rock bands eschewed the perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock. They developed quickly, challenging-edged music, typically with quick songs, stripped-down instrumentation, and frequently political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY (do it oneself) ethic, with several bands self-creating their recordings and distributing them via informal channels.

By late 1976, bands such as the Ramones, in New York City, and the Sex Pistols and The Clash, in London, were recognized as the vanguard of a new musical movement. The following year saw punk rock spreading about the world, and it became a key cultural phenomenon in the United Kingdom. For the most component, punk took root in nearby scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An connected punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment and a variety of anti-authoritarian ideologies.

By the beginning of the 1980s, faster, much more aggressive designs such as hardcore and Oi! had grow to be the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a broad range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk and the alternative rock movement. By the turn of the century, pop punk had been adopted by the mainstream, with bands such as Green Day and The Offspring bringing the genre widespread recognition.

Punk Rock Bands

Punk rock was developed between 1974 and 1976 in the United States and the United Kingdom. Rooted in garage rock and other forms of what is now known as protopunk music, punk rock bands eschewed the perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock. They developed quickly, hard-edged music, generally with brief songs, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY (do it your self) ethic, with numerous bands self-producing their recordings and distributing them through informal channels.

As well as The Clash’s and Sex Pistols, Punk threw up a multitude of bands who often released the one single on their own record label before fading into obscurity. Some in no way even produced it that far.

www.punk77.co.uk/linkpage/punkbands.htm

100 Greatest Punk Rock Artists

www.digitaldreamdoor.com/pages/greatest_punk.html

Punk’s not dead – it just emigrated…

Hang out at a UK punk gig today and you’d be difficult pushed to describe what you see as something other than some excellent old harmless exciting in a genre that lengthy given that became an additional subsidiary of rock ‘n’ roll.

Whilst punk has developed its fair share of careerists, traditionalists and spotty herberts, let’s not overlook it has created a handful of genuinely provocative bands, from the MC5 and Crass to Fugazi and Refused. But that was then, this is now and it really is effortless to overlook that punk nevertheless implies one thing – and I never imply your drunk Uncle Terry or that bloke who nevertheless hangs around the town centre in his Angelic Upstarts T-shirts. As an alternative, the spirit of punk as an anti-establishment force lives on today. You’re just not likely to uncover it in the UK or the US.

As an alternative, punk is kept alive in areas like Cuba where simply criticising the communist regime can get your ass thrown in jail. As has been reported, that’s what has happened to Gorki Águila Carrasco, leader singer of Porno para Ricardo, currently facing four years in prison for &quotpeligrosidad&quot – literally meaning the dangerousness of his music – especially for dismissing the ruling Castro brothers as &quotgeriatrics&quot. It really is hardly GG Allin is it? Possibly it was their vaguely wacky song ‘El Comandante’ that upset, um, El Comandante.

Elsewhere the appetite for punk rock grows unabated. Readers of Marjane Satrapi’s graphic novel Persepolis or its film adaptation will know the variety of difficulty faced when caught with contraband punk music beneath the theocratic tyranny of Islamist fundamentalists in post-revolution Iran. And certainly, how that hunger for anti-social sounds merely grows when challenged. The Sex Pistols may well be a joke right now, but for millions of oppressed youth they still represent a signpost to freedom.

The perceived controversial nature of punk bands merely highlights the conservative globe we’re living in, where fundamentalist religious regimes or paranoid governments nevertheless perceive punk bands as threatening. Just ask Canadian punk band The Suicide Pilots, who have a government file on them for their name alone. Or ask major Chinese punk band Hang On The Box, who have previously been denied visas to travel abroad after their government deemed their music an &quotinappropriate&quot export. Punk scenes exist in China, but bands have to tread very carefully and make positive not to criticise their government. &quotWe are great citizens who obey the law and enjoy our country,&quot said Li Qing of Chinese punk band Snapline, when asked about governmental intervention when interviewed in 2007. And do you know how challenging it is locating a Gang Of Four record in North Korea?

Even UK punks aren’t immune – when Mike Devine, guitarist with a Clash tribute band, texted his pal some lyrics from The Clash’s ‘Tommy Gun’ the father of two was paid a check out by the Avon &amp Somerset Particular Branch.

&quotSelling out&quot

Eventually, though, Western punk has got soft and largely apolitical thanks to us living in a single of the freest nations in the world. Punk in America and Britain is John Lydon promoting personal computer games and Green Day filling stadiums.

Iggy Pop’s endorsement of vehicle insurance coverage has prompted accusations of promoting out. But does any person truly care any more?

As the flailing, wild-eyed frontman of US garage-rock band The Stooges, Iggy Pop helped pioneer punk extended before the Sex Pistols.

His solo profession is approaching its fifth decade. Reside, he’s earned a reputation as one particular of rock’s most exciting performers, with a frame that is not so much athletic as freakish.

So why is 1 of rock’s most iconic rebels now promoting auto insurance on Tv? Will we ever be able to listen to his music in the identical way again? Or are we now inured to the truth that at some point our cultural heroes are going to turn round and exhort us to buy, get, purchase?

&quotIggy Pop will return to continue Swiftcover.com’s campaign to support UK motorists get inexpensive on the internet insurance and make it clear that now even musicians can ‘Get A Life’!’&quot she stated.

Even so, Pop recently known as his involvement with Swiftcover &quotembarrassing&quot.

John Lydon Country Life (pictured)
Denis Leary Holsten Pils
Lou Reed Honda scooters
Black-Eyed Peas Pepsi
Mitchell &amp Webb Apple Mac

But is this just a generational thing? Would fans of Pete Doherty take such exception seeing him promoting cough medicine or train tickets? If Amy Winehouse was unveiled as the new face of a coffee brand, would the sales of her next album plummet?

But if you think punk – the spirit of punk – is dead, go to South America, go to Russia, go to Eastern Europe and see what the young punk fans there have to say about it.

Have been you a Punk? Do you have any stories from that era?

See My Other Youth Culture Hyperlinks Beneath

www.flickr.com/pictures/brizzlebornandbred/4082458089/

www.flickr.com/pictures/brizzlebornandbred/5130733677/

www.flickr.com/pictures/brizzlebornandbred/5130851019/

www.flickr.com/images/brizzlebornandbred/5131064113/

Punks on Video

www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0IZdP3x66Y

www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQkActP-isE

www.youtube.com/watch?v=xFIp3hgbnWM

IMG_0490r
metal parts china
Image by dno1967b

Hagen – Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Messinghammer 01

Hagen – Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Messinghammer 01

Klarm Prototyping

A couple of good milling engineering images I found:

Hagen – Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Messinghammer 01
milling engineering
Image by Daniel Mennerich
The Hagen Open-air Museum (LWL-Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Handwerk und Technik English: &quotLWL Open-air Museum Hagen – Westphalian State Museum for Craft and Technics&quot) is a museum at Hagen in the southeastern Ruhr location, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded, collectively with the Detmold Open-air Museum, in 1960, and was first opened to the public in the early 1970s. The museum is run by the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL, regional authority for Westphalia and Lippe within North Rhine-Westphalia). It lies in the Hagen neighbourhood of Selbecke south of Eilpe in the Mäckingerbach valley.

The open-air museum brings a bit of skilled-trade history into the present, and it takes a hands-on method. On its grounds stretching for about 42 ha, not only are urban and rural trades just &quotdisplayed&quot along with their workshops and tools, but in a lot more than twenty of the almost sixty rebuilt workshops, they are nevertheless practised, and interested visitors can, sometimes by themselves, take element in the production.

As early as the 1920s, there have been efforts by a group of engineers and historical preservationists to preserve technological monuments for posterity. The initiator, Wilhelm Claas, even recommended the Mäckingerbach valley as a excellent location for a museum to that finish. The narrow valley was chosen, as wind, water and wood were the 3 most critical location factors for business in the 18th and 19th centuries.

In 1960, the Westphalian Open-Air Museum was founded, and thirteen years later, the gates opened to the public. In contrast to most open-air museums, which show each day life on the farm or in the country as it was in days gone by, the Hagen Open-Air Museum puts the history of these activities in Westphalia in the fore. From the late 18th century through the early years of the Industrial Revolution to the extremely industrialized society emerging in the early 20th century, the visitor can experience the development of these trades and the market in the region.

Crafts and trades demonstrated at the Westphalian Open-Air Museum incorporate ropemaking, smithing, brewing, baking, tanning, printing, milling, papermaking, and considerably far more. A favourite attraction is the triphammer workshop shown in the image above. Once the hammer is engaged, a craftsman goes to perform noisily forging a scythe, passing it among the hammer and the anvil underneath in a method referred to as peening.

The Hagen Westphalian Open-Air Museum is open from March or April until October.

Hagen – Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Wasserregale – Water Regale
milling engineering
Image by Daniel Mennerich
The Hagen Open-air Museum (LWL-Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Handwerk und Technik English: &quotLWL Open-air Museum Hagen – Westphalian State Museum for Craft and Technics&quot) is a museum at Hagen in the southeastern Ruhr region, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded, together with the Detmold Open-air Museum, in 1960, and was first opened to the public in the early 1970s. The museum is run by the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL, regional authority for Westphalia and Lippe within North Rhine-Westphalia). It lies in the Hagen neighbourhood of Selbecke south of Eilpe in the Mäckingerbach valley.

The open-air museum brings a bit of skilled-trade history into the present, and it requires a hands-on approach. On its grounds stretching for about 42 ha, not only are urban and rural trades just &quotdisplayed&quot along with their workshops and tools, but in far more than twenty of the nearly sixty rebuilt workshops, they are nevertheless practised, and interested visitors can, sometimes by themselves, take component in the production.

As early as the 1920s, there have been efforts by a group of engineers and historical preservationists to preserve technological monuments for posterity. The initiator, Wilhelm Claas, even recommended the Mäckingerbach valley as a good location for a museum to that finish. The narrow valley was chosen, as wind, water and wood were the three most critical place aspects for business in the 18th and 19th centuries.

In 1960, the Westphalian Open-Air Museum was founded, and thirteen years later, the gates opened to the public. In contrast to most open-air museums, which show daily life on the farm or in the country as it was in days gone by, the Hagen Open-Air Museum puts the history of these activities in Westphalia in the fore. From the late 18th century via the early years of the Industrial Revolution to the extremely industrialized society emerging in the early 20th century, the visitor can knowledge the improvement of these trades and the sector in the area.

Crafts and trades demonstrated at the Westphalian Open-Air Museum consist of ropemaking, smithing, brewing, baking, tanning, printing, milling, papermaking, and considerably much more. A favourite attraction is the triphammer workshop shown in the image above. As soon as the hammer is engaged, a craftsman goes to operate noisily forging a scythe, passing it amongst the hammer and the anvil underneath in a procedure named peening.

The Hagen Westphalian Open-Air Museum is open from March or April till October.

Hagen – Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Oberdorf 01
milling engineering
Image by Daniel Mennerich
The Hagen Open-air Museum (LWL-Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Handwerk und Technik English: &quotLWL Open-air Museum Hagen – Westphalian State Museum for Craft and Technics&quot) is a museum at Hagen in the southeastern Ruhr region, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded, together with the Detmold Open-air Museum, in 1960, and was initial opened to the public in the early 1970s. The museum is run by the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL, regional authority for Westphalia and Lippe within North Rhine-Westphalia). It lies in the Hagen neighbourhood of Selbecke south of Eilpe in the Mäckingerbach valley.

The open-air museum brings a bit of skilled-trade history into the present, and it takes a hands-on strategy. On its grounds stretching for about 42 ha, not only are urban and rural trades just &quotdisplayed&quot along with their workshops and tools, but in far more than twenty of the almost sixty rebuilt workshops, they are still practised, and interested visitors can, often by themselves, take part in the production.

As early as the 1920s, there have been efforts by a group of engineers and historical preservationists to preserve technological monuments for posterity. The initiator, Wilhelm Claas, even suggested the Mäckingerbach valley as a excellent spot for a museum to that finish. The narrow valley was selected, as wind, water and wood had been the three most crucial place variables for industry in the 18th and 19th centuries.

In 1960, the Westphalian Open-Air Museum was founded, and thirteen years later, the gates opened to the public. As opposed to most open-air museums, which show every day life on the farm or in the nation as it was in days gone by, the Hagen Open-Air Museum puts the history of these activities in Westphalia in the fore. From the late 18th century through the early years of the Industrial Revolution to the very industrialized society emerging in the early 20th century, the visitor can knowledge the improvement of these trades and the industry in the area.

Crafts and trades demonstrated at the Westphalian Open-Air Museum incorporate ropemaking, smithing, brewing, baking, tanning, printing, milling, papermaking, and significantly more. A favourite attraction is the triphammer workshop shown in the image above. As soon as the hammer is engaged, a craftsman goes to function noisily forging a scythe, passing it between the hammer and the anvil underneath in a procedure named peening.

The Hagen Westphalian Open-Air Museum is open from March or April until October.

Good Mechanical Engineering China images

Good Mechanical Engineering China images

Klarm Prototyping

A handful of nice mechanical engineering china pictures I identified:

Image from web page 568 of “Railway mechanical engineer” (1916)
mechanical engineering china
Image by World wide web Archive Book Pictures
Identifier: railwaymechanica93newy
Title: Railway mechanical engineer
Year: 1916 (1910s)
Authors:
Subjects: Railroad engineering Engineering Railroads Railroad automobiles
Publisher: New York, N.Y. : Simmons-Boardman Pub. Co
Contributing Library: Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh
Digitizing Sponsor: Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

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Text Appearing Just before Image:
r-residence was operating. The fan was driven at onetime by a jacked-up Ford automobile, but mostly by a venerable port-capable steam engine, salvaged from a scrap-heap. By the finish of 1917, however, the establishment was up to m^^^ ■•:^^^f^^. 1 -. T^T_. ■ , ^^W^^i j8sd«gg«r,if., Machine Shop Throughout Installation of Machine Tools, September, 1917 There have been officers and guys from India, China, South Africa,South America and Australia and numbers of other folks whohad in no way been outside the Old Nation prior to the war.There was nothing at all of trades union restriction about thesemen. Machinists, blacksmiths, boilermakers, pattern-makersor moulders, dug and mixed concrete for foundations, constructed strength and the shops virtually in complete swing. There had beenlo5 locomotives erected and a start off had been produced with heavy—some very heavy—repairs. Up to the finish of December, 1918, 2J2 new locomotiveswere erected and 370 engines were repaired, two,073 pairs ofwheels were turned up and 275 wheels re-tired, 737 tons of

Text Appearing Following Image:
The Foundry as it Appeared December. 1917: Note the Cupola Constructed Out of a Corrugated Furnace huts, erected shops, rigged derricks or did the subsequent job thathad to be completed, whatever it may be. The erection of engines imported from Canada and theUnited States was commenced nearly as quickly as the machinetool et|uipment started to arrive and months before the craneswere u|i, and proceeded simultaneously with the constructing andinternal preparation of the shops. The very first two engines wereturned out with each other early in July, 1917. forgings have been turned out, two,186 tons of iron castings and 168tons of brass. The average output for 1918 is shown in thetable. All through the operation of the shops the function was grave-ly handicapped by the extraordinar) range of engines to bedealt with, the exceptionally bad situation of a lot of that hadworked for years with out a very good repair, the paucity of operate-ing drawings and the impossibility of either acquiring or 550 RAILWAY MECHANICAL ENGINEER Vol. 93, No. 9 sustain

Note About Photos
Please note that these photos are extracted from scanned page pictures that might have been digitally enhanced for readability – coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not completely resemble the original function.

140630-N-TG831-019
mechanical engineering china
Image by SurfaceWarriors
140630-N-TG831-019 SOUTH CHINA SEA (June 30, 2014) Gas Turbine Program Technician (Mechanical) 2nd Class David Valentini, from Duluth, Georgia, assigned to the Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Kidd (DDG one hundred), stands watch inside the ship’s central engineering center. Kidd is presently on patrol in the U.S. 7th Fleet location of responsibility supporting regional safety and stability in the Indo-Asia Pacific region. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Declan Barnes/Released)

Cool Sheet Metal Components China pictures

Klarm Prototyping

Check out these sheet metal parts china photos:

Image from web page 596 of “Hardware merchandising (January-June 1902)” (1902)
sheet metal parts china
Image by Internet Archive Book Photos
Identifier: hardmerchjanjun1902toro
Title: Hardware merchandising (January-June 1902)
Year: 1902 (1900s)
Authors:
Subjects: Hardware industry Hardware Implements, utensils, etc Constructing
Publisher: Toronto :
Contributing Library: Fisher – University of Toronto
Digitizing Sponsor: Algoma University, Trent University, Lakehead University, Laurentian University, Nipissing University, Ryerson University and University of Toronto Libraries

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About This Book: Catalog Entry
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Text Appearing Just before Image:
echanic in Shop Speak.Take each job that comes along, and situp nights figuring how spiral gears are tobe cut in a lathe, how milling is to be donewith a grinder, and various other things that will develop. Not only kinks, buttangles, will be among them. When folks come in and ask you if youcan fix a sewing machine, a wringer, a babycarriage, an umbrella or a watch, tell themyes, and take it, for if they are told acouple occasions that your shop is not justequipped for that particular job, they wontcome with the subsequent 1, and the other fellowwill get it. Do the perform somehow, andyou will locate that the saying, Necessity isthe Mother of Invention, is correct. Dontdo the straightforward component of a job and turn the restover to a shop with a larger gear, forthey will get the profit if you do, which issmall enough on the whole issue anyway,and you will come out in the hole. Bydoing the tough component is just how to discover. Start off up a repair shop to locate out howmany impossible jobs are feasible. £ •■:*»«

Text Appearing Right after Image:
130 CANADIAN HARDWARE AND METAL AN INGENIOUS MACHINE. THE accompanying illustration showsthe patent automatic lock seambody maker and soldering machine,which is manufactured by G. A.Crosby &amp Co., Limited, Sarnia, Ontario. Itis a single of the machines of their properly-knownautomatic can creating line, and which willproduce from 30,000 to 36,000 can bodies,side seam locked and soldered, in a tenhours run. This machine is one particular of the greatest im-provements of the age in can-makingmachinery. The body blanks are placed byan attendant on an automatic device whichcarries them into dies exactly where hooks areformed in the ends of the bodies whencethey are passing automatically to a kind-ing horn where they are formed with hooks to date in every single distinct. They are man-ufacturers of presses, dies and sheet-metalworking machinery, especially machineryfor manufacturing tin cans, either auto-matically or by hand. AMERICAN VS. ENGLISH MACHINERYIN CHINA. Apropos of the frequent announcementsgoing the rounds of

Note About Pictures
Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page pictures that might have been digitally enhanced for readability – coloration and look of these illustrations may possibly not perfectly resemble the original perform.

Cool Prototype Engineering photos

Cool Prototype Engineering photos

Klarm Prototyping

A handful of good prototype engineering images I located:

Citroen 7 CV
prototype engineering
Image by pedrosimoes7
MotorClássico, Lisbon, Portugal

in Wikipedia

Traction Avant monocoque

Front torsion bar suspension

The Traction Avant, French for &quotfront wheel drive&quot, was made by André Lefèbvre and Flaminio Bertoni in late 1933 / early 1934. Although not the initial production front wheel drive car – Alvis constructed the 1928 FWD in the UK, Cord made the L29 from 1929 to 1932 in the United States and DKW the F1 in 1931 in Germany – it was the world’s initial front-wheel drive steel monocoque production vehicle. Along with DKW’s 1930s models, the Traction effectively pioneered front-wheel drive on the European mass automobile market place.

The Traction Avant’s structure was a welded monocoque (unitized physique). Most other vehicles of the era had been based on a separate frame (chassis) onto which the non-structural body (&quotcoachwork&quot) was built. Monocoque building (also called Unit Physique or &quotUnibody&quot in the US nowadays) benefits in a lighter car, and is now employed for virtually all vehicle building, even though body-on-frame building remains appropriate for bigger autos such as trucks.
This method of construction was viewed with wonderful suspicion in many quarters, with doubts about its strength. A sort of crash test was conceived, taking the type of driving the auto off a cliff, to illustrate its wonderful inherent resilience.

The novel design and style created the car really low-slung relative to its contemporaries – the Traction Avant usually possessed a distinctive appear, which went from appearing rakish in 1934 to familiar and somewhat old fashioned by 1955.

The suspension was really sophisticated for the car’s era. The front wheels were independently sprung, using a torsion bar and wishbone suspension arrangement,[3] where most contemporaries utilised live axle and cart-sort leaf spring styles. The rear suspension was a easy steel beam axle and a Panhard rod, trailing arms and torsion bars attached to a 3-inch (76 mm) steel tube, which in turn was bolted to the monocoque.

Because it was significantly lighter than traditional styles of the era, it was capable of one hundred km/h (62 mph), and consumed fuel only at the rate of ten litres per one hundred kilometres (28 mpg-imp 24 mpg-US).

Variants

Cabriolet

Traction Avant rear

1937 7C Coupe Traction Avant

A French &quotfamiliale&quot 11 F 1954, six windows, 9 seats

Citroën 11 Commerciale five-door

Traction Avant rears. The boot was lengthened and its volume doubled in Autumn 1952.[four]
The original model, which was presented on 18 April 1934, was a tiny saloon with a 1,303 cc (79.five cu in) engine. This model was known as the 7A, which was succeeded in June 1934 by the 7B with a higher-power engine of 1,529 cc (93.3 cu in). The 7B in turn, was succeeded in October 1934 by the 7C with an even greater-output 1,628 cc (99.3 cu in) engine. Later models have been the 11 (launched in November 1934), which had a 1,911 cc (116.six cu in) four-cylinder engine, and the 15 (launched in 1938), with a two,867 cc (175. cu in) six. The numbers refer to the French fiscal horsepower rating, or CV. The 11 was an 11 CV, but curiously the 15 was truly 16 CV. The 11 was constructed in two versions, the 11L (&quotlégère&quot, or &quotlight&quot), which was the identical size as the 7 CV, and the normal model 11, which had a longer wheelbase and wider track.

Citroën planned two variants that by no means entered production, given that there was not enough funding available to develop them, except as running prototype automobiles. 1 was an automatic transmission-equipped model, based on the Sensaud de Lavaud automatic transmission, the other a 22 CV model with a three.8 liter V8. The transmission (which was really initially created for the Citroen) was a &quotgearless&quot automatic, employing the torque-converter alone to match engine revolutions to the drivetrain revolutions, significantly like the Dynaflow Transmission introduced later in the USA. The vehicle was supposed to have a much less spartan interior than the other Traction Avants and it was to function Citroën’s own new V8 engine. About twenty prototypes have been produced, but when the project was canceled in 1935 due to Michelin’s takeover they were most likely all destroyed.[citation required]

In addition to the 4-door physique, the auto was also produced as a two-door coupé with a rumble seat, as a convertible and as an extended length Familial model with 3 rows of seats. There was even a hatchback-kind Commerciale variant, in 1939, well ahead of its time, in which the tailgate was in two halves, the reduced of which carried the spare wheel with the upper opening up to roof level. A one-piece leading-hinged tailgate was introduced when the Commerciale resumed production in 1954 soon after being suspended during World War II.
Wartime disruption[edit]

In September 1939 France declared war on Germany and in June 1940 the German army quickly invaded and occupied Northern France.[1] The war years were characterised by a desperate shortage of raw components for civilian market and of petrol,[1] but these variables have been not apparent quickly. The Paris Motor Show scheduled for October 1939 was cancelled at quick notice, but Citroën’s personal planned announcements had involved the forthcoming 2CV model rather than any significant adjustments to the Traction.[1] For the Traction, the final “normal” year in terms of production levels was 1939, and eight,120 of the 2910mm wheelbase 1628cc engined 7C models have been developed.[1] This tumbled to 1,133 in 1940, which was the initial year when the plant suffered severe air-raid damage – on this occasion caused by a German attack – on three June 1940. Production of the vehicles was suspended in June 1941, by when a further 154 had been produced in the six-month period just ended. The 7C would continue to seem in Citroën price-lists until March 1944, but production of this smaller engined “7CV” version of the Traction was not resumed soon after the war.[1] For the a lot more powerful 1911cc engined 11 B-light models, the equivalent figures were 27,473 units created in 1939, 4,415 in 1940 and two,032 for 1941, even though for this model production in 1941 ended only in November 1941 so the figure for that year represents 11 months of production.[1]

In 1945 production restarted only slowly: the 11 B-light reappeared really tiny changed from the 1941 automobiles except that headlight surrounds were now painted rather than finished in chrome. By the end of December 1945 the year’s production had reached 1,525.[1] Currency depreciation is evident from the car’s listed cost which had been 26,800 francs in January 1940, and had risen to 110,670 francs in October 1945.[1] In 1945 the auto was the only model accessible from Citroën, and as one more sign of the instances, customers not in a position to supply their own tires were charged an extra 9,455 francs for a set of five.[1] In May possibly 1946, presumably reflecting an easing of the war-time tire shortage, the auto could at last be bought with tires at no added cost, but by now the all round price tag of an 11 B-light had risen to 121,180 francs.[1]

The 11 B-normal model, differentiated from the 11 B-light by its 3090mm wheelbase, knowledgeable a comparable drop off in volumes between 1939 and 1941, with just 341 cars produced for the duration of the first seven months of 1941.[1] Right after the war, a single 11 B-normal was developed in 1946, in time to be presented at the October 1946 Paris Motor Show: production constructed up throughout 1947, but for the duration of the car’s ten-year post-war period the shorter 11 B-light would, in France, continue to outsell the 11 B-normal.

Initially the French army lacked enthusiasm for the Citroën Traction, believing that it presented insufficient ground-clearance for their needs.[1] Nonetheless, by September 1939 roughly 250 had found their way into military service. With losses of automobiles at the frontier mounting, Citroën supplied a further 570 to the army in between February and Could 1940, and subsequent deliveries almost certainly took location just before military defeat intervened.[1] In the course of the war many of the automobiles were reregistered with &quotWH…&quot (Wehrmacht Heer/Army command) license plates, obtaining been requisitioned by the German Army.[1] These gave reliable service each in France and further afield, notably in Libya and Stalingrad. Tractions have been also favoured by the Resistance, and as occupation gave way to Liberation they turned up all more than France with FFI inscribed proudly on their doors. Less gloriously, the automobiles were identified as favourites among gangsters such as the then infamous Pierrot le Fou, and his Traction gang.

UK built automobiles[edit]

Left-hand drive versions had been built in Paris, in Forest, Belgium, in Copenhagen, Denmark for the Scandinavian market place, and correct-hand drive cars in Slough, England. The Slough version of the 11L was named the Light Fifteen and the long wheelbase 11 was referred to as the Large Fifteen. This confusing terminology referred to the British fiscal tax rating of the time, which was greater than the French, so the 11CV engine was 15HP in England. The 15CV model was known as &quotBig Six&quot in reference to its six-cylinder engine. They have been equipped with the leather seats and wooden dashboards popular in the UK, had a 12-volt electrical method and had been distinguished by a diverse radiator grille and distinct bumpers. Some models also had a sliding sunroof.
A 1,911 cc (116.six cu in) Light Fifteen tested by the British magazine The Motor in 1951 had a leading speed of 72.6 mph (116.eight km/h) and could accelerate from 0–60 mph (97 km/h) in 29.7 seconds. A fuel consumption of 25.two miles per imperial gallon (11.2 L/one hundred km 21. mpg-US) was recorded. The test car cost GB£812 including taxes.[five]

A two,866 cc (174.9 cu in) six-cylinder model was tested by the very same magazine in 1954 and for this vehicle the best speed found was 81.1 mph (130.five km/h), acceleration from 0–60 mph (97 km/h) 21.2 seconds and fuel consumption 18.six miles per imperial gallon (15.two L/100 km 15.five mpg-US). The test vehicle expense GB£1,349 like taxes.[six]
Engineering[edit]

Citroën 11 CV Légère

The Traction Avant used a longitudinal, front-wheel drive layout, with the engine set effectively within the wheelbase, resulting in a really favourable weight distribution, aiding the car’s sophisticated handling qualities. The gearbox was placed at the front of the automobile with the engine behind it and the differential among them, a layout shared with the later Renault four and 16 and initial generation Renault five but the opposite way round to numerous longitudinal front-wheel drive vehicles, such as the Saab 96 and Renault 12 and 18 and most Audi models. The gear alter was set in the dashboard, with the lever protruding through a vertical, H-shaped gate.[7] Due to the fact this vertical orientation could have resulted in the auto dropping out of gear when the lever was in the upper positions (i.e., second or reverse gears), the gear shift mechanism was locked when the mechanical clutch was engaged and released when the clutch pedal was depressed. The outcome of this layout, along with pendant pedals, umbrella-sort handbrake handle and front bench seats, was a very spacious interior, with a flat and unobstructed floor. The low-slung arrangement also eliminated the want for running boards to step into or out of the car. These features created them ideal for use as limousines and taxi cabs, and they were quite well-known among drivers and passengers alike. Until 1953, black was the only color offered.

Effect on Motorsport[edit]

Another technical significance of Tranction Avant was the cast aluminium alloy transaxle, which was pioneered by Hans Ledwinka in the early 1930s for Tatra V570 utilised in front of the engine positioned in the rear, but was really radical at the time.

As well as being a considerable component of the weight savings, the manufacturing facility for this transaxle contributed to the under talked about financial crisis. But when John Cooper looked for a light transaxle case for Formula 1 rear engine revolution, Traction Avant unit was about the only candidate, as Volkswagen magnesium alloy transaxle was a lot smaller and lacking the space needed to property heftier gears needed for Formula 1. The Traction Avant transaxle was utilised on Cooper T43 which won a F1 championship race as the very first mid-mounted engine automobile to do so in 1958, and on its successors Cooper T45, T51 and T53. Cooper T51 won the GP World Championship in 1959.

Unlike the Volkswagen alloy case used by Hewland, the Traction Avant case could not be utilized up side down, as the input shaft height was much larger in relation to the output shaft axis so that the oil level needed to lubricate the gears would exceed the then-unreliable input shaft oil seal height if employed upside down. So the engine necessary to sit higher above the ground with the oil sump space beneath, which was not necessary by dry-sump racing engines. But the French transaxle was used by numerous racing automobile constructors in the late 1950s to 60’s with various levels of success.

In the case of Jack Brabham, who personally visited the ERSA foundry in Paris to discuss a possibility to strengthen the case ,[eight] the transaxle became known as &quotERSA Knight&quot with an further spur-gear set mounted in the bellhousing spacer (engine to transaxle adapter) recommended by Ron Tauranac, named for Jack Knight who designed the modification and produced the straight-reduce gears. The height offset produced by the spur gear set enabled the engine to sit lower, and became the reason why Cooper T53 was known as the ‘Lowline’, which not only made Brabham the World Champion in 1960 but also became the precursor to the establishment of Brabham as a Formula A single constructor.

Effect on Citroën[edit]

1954 six-cylinder 15CV with hydropneumatic suspension fitted to the rear wheels – in ‘high’ position

Traction Avant as modern wedding car

The development charges of the Traction Avant, combined with the redevelopment of its factory, had been extremely high and Citroën declared bankruptcy in late 1934. The biggest creditor was Michelin, who then owned Citroën from 1934 till 1976. Beneath Michelin, Citroën was run as a study laboratory, a test bed for their radial tires and new automotive technologies.
In 1954 Citroën’s experiments with hydropneumatic technologies produced its first result, the &quot15H&quot – a variant of the 6-cylinder model 15 with a self-leveling, height-adjustable rear suspension, a field trial for the revolutionary DS released the following year.

Directly soon after the introduction of the Citroën ID, a simplified and much more competitively priced version of the nonetheless revolutionary DS, production of the Traction Avant ended in July 1957. Over 23 years, 759,111 had been built, such as 26,400 assembled in Slough in England, 31,750 assembled in Forest near Brussels and 1,823 assembled at Cologne in Germany. The total reflects the production stoppage for the duration of World War II.

The Traction Avant nowadays[edit]

Big Fifteen sedan

In 2006, the oldest surviving 7A has production quantity (&quotcoque nr&quot) AZ 00-18, and is displayed in partly dismantled shape (engine and front wheels detached) in the Citroën Museum in Paris. The oldest operating 7A is possibly number AZ-00-23, which was, till 1 September 2006, in possession of a Dutch owner and is now with a Slovenian owner.
Traction Avants are fairly robust autos even by contemporary requirements nevertheless, they are prone to leaking water inside the cabin and care requirements to be taken when acquiring one. Each few years, Traction Avant enthusiasts ship their autos to an exotic location for a rally. In 2002, for example, a group of more than 30 Traction Avants drove from Los Angeles to New York with no incident. [1]

G-92 “Krut” Jet Fighter
prototype engineering
Image by Backward Matt
For also lengthy the engineers of the Kingdom’s navy laughed at the engineers of the air force, and for excellent purpose the Sky Ram produced by Meloa Industries was a disastrous tiny plane and paled in comparison to the Neustrasian’s Maelstrom supply.

But no more soon after the -ahem- &quotperfectly legal&quot &quotacquisition&quot of the subsequent generation jet engine prototype developed by the MURICANs, a secret project was contracted with Piccolo Aircraft. The majority of Meloa Industries personnel left to make naval versions of the Maelstrom for the major naval designers, but a handful of crazy, stubborn determined people joined the struggling engineers of Neustrasia’s Mayenne and a Georgian firm, founding Piccolo Aircraft which worked beneath the radar (literally, in some situations) to create the Piccolo G-92 &quotKrut&quot to outdo all other jet fighters ever created up to that point. After 92 diverse design and style prototypes (most of them dying as wooden models in air tunnels) primarily based of the Manchot, Direwolf and possibly a handful of stolen Germanikan fighters, the design and style team went through forty six pounds of coffee beans, five of some of Neustrasia’s best pilots, a few water blessings to purge demon spirits, and a certain wealthy man’s life savings going to charity after losing a bet the fighter flies, and it flies nicely! So properly, in truth, that many of its elements are classified. :^)

Also, unknown to most of the globe, but very perplexing to the military leaders of Neustrasia, all their ideal pilots not already out for active duty were mysteriously re-assigned. This is why the ideal pilots of Terra get to fly the greatest fighter of Terra. 8^)

Note that all of that rambling is flavor text for the fictional universe of D&ampC IV, which is set in an alternate 1947.

IS-1 Sęp bis ‘SP-552’
prototype engineering
Image by Hawkeye UK
c/n 011.
On show suspended in the major show hangar at the Muzeum Lotnictwa Polskiego
Krakow, Poland.
23-08-2013.

The following information is taken from the museum internet site:-

&quotThis is a single seater, all wooden, higher functionality glider of a higher wing cantilever configuration. The wings are equipped with divided flaperons, flaps, aerodynamic brakes and interceptors. In 1945, the group of gliding enthusiasts decided to re-activate the Silesian Glider Workshops, which had been established ahead of the Second World War. As a outcome of this initiative, the Gliding Institute was established in 1946. Its objective was to design and style new gliders, utilizing Polish encounter in this field.
The Sęp (vulture) was the very first after-war Polish building made at the Gliding Institute in Bielsko Biała. The initial style was carried our by engineers: Józef Niespał and Władysław Nowakowski. Despite hard occasions the prototype was flown on 2nd June 1947and currently in July of the very same year, the Sęp flown by Adam Ziętek represented Poland on the International Gliders Competitors in Samedan, Switzerland. It came eight. The Polish glider was the only new construction there. The other participants flew the pre-war or the captured German gliders To the subsequent examples a few minor adjustments (in the wings building and the cockpit equipment) have been introduced. The modified version bore the &quotSęp bis&quot designation.
The total production quantity (collectively with prototypes) was six gliders, the last 1 was nonetheless flying at the starting of 1960’s Flying the Sęps, the Polish glider pilots set many domestic and planet records.
The IS-1 Sęp bis, displayed, bearing the SP-552 markings, was in service from 1948 till 1960, and took part in several different championships. In 1949, Irena Kempówna established two speed records. In 1964, the glider was handed over to the museum.&quot

Cool High Precision Engineering pictures

Cool High Precision Engineering pictures

Klarm Prototyping

A handful of nice higher precision engineering photos I found:

Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center: south hangar panorama, including Vought OS2U-3 Kingfisher seaplane, B-29 Superfortress “Enola Gay”, among other people
high precision engineering
Image by Chris Devers
Quoting Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum | Vought OS2U-3 Kingfisher:

The Kingfisher was the U.S. Navy’s main ship-primarily based, scout and observation aircraft for the duration of World War II. Revolutionary spot welding strategies gave it a smooth, non-buckling fuselage structure. Deflector plate flaps that hung from the wing’s trailing edge and spoiler-augmented ailerons functioned like additional flaps to permit slower landing speeds. Most OS2Us operated in the Pacific, where they rescued numerous downed airmen, like World War I ace Eddie Rickenbacker and the crew of his B-17 Flying Fortress.

In March 1942, this airplane was assigned to the battleship USS Indiana. It later underwent a six-month overhaul in California, returned to Pearl Harbor, and rejoined the Indiana in March 1944. Lt. j.g. Rollin M. Batten Jr. was awarded the Navy Cross for generating a daring rescue in this airplane below heavy enemy fire on July four, 1944.

Transferred from the United States Navy.

Manufacturer:
Vought-Sikorsky Aircraft Division

Date:
1937

Country of Origin:
United States of America

Dimensions:
General: 15ft 1 1/8in. x 33ft 9 1/2in., 4122.6lb., 36ft 1 1/16in. (460 x 1030cm, 1870kg, 1100cm)

Components:
Wings covered with fabric aft of the primary spar

Physical Description:
Two-seat monoplane, deflector plate flaps hung from the trailing edge of the wing, ailerons drooped at low airspeeds to function like further flaps, spoilers.

• • • • •

Quoting Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum | Boeing B-29 Superfortress &quotEnola Gay&quot:

Boeing’s B-29 Superfortress was the most sophisticated propeller-driven bomber of Planet War II and the first bomber to property its crew in pressurized compartments. Though created to fight in the European theater, the B-29 discovered its niche on the other side of the globe. In the Pacific, B-29s delivered a variety of aerial weapons: traditional bombs, incendiary bombs, mines, and two nuclear weapons.

On August 6, 1945, this Martin-constructed B-29-45-MO dropped the very first atomic weapon used in combat on Hiroshima, Japan. Three days later, Bockscar (on display at the U.S. Air Force Museum close to Dayton, Ohio) dropped a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan. Enola Gay flew as the advance weather reconnaissance aircraft that day. A third B-29, The Wonderful Artiste, flew as an observation aircraft on both missions.

Transferred from the United States Air Force.

Manufacturer:
Boeing Aircraft Co.
Martin Co., Omaha, Nebr.

Date:
1945

Nation of Origin:
United States of America

Dimensions:
All round: 900 x 3020cm, 32580kg, 4300cm (29ft 6 5/16in. x 99ft 1in., 71825.9lb., 141ft 15/16in.)

Materials:
Polished general aluminum finish

Physical Description:
Four-engine heavy bomber with semi-monoqoque fuselage and high-aspect ratio wings. Polished aluminum finish all round, common late-Planet War II Army Air Forces insignia on wings and aft fuselage and serial quantity on vertical fin 509th Composite Group markings painted in black &quotEnola Gay&quot in black, block letters on lower left nose.

Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center: B-29 Superfortress “Enola Gay” panorama

Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center: B-29 Superfortress “Enola Gay” panorama

Klarm Prototyping

A couple of nice precision engineering services photos I identified:

Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center: B-29 Superfortress “Enola Gay” panorama
precision engineering services
Image by Chris Devers
Quoting Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum | Boeing B-29 Superfortress &quotEnola Gay&quot:

Boeing’s B-29 Superfortress was the most sophisticated propeller-driven bomber of Planet War II and the first bomber to residence its crew in pressurized compartments. Though developed to fight in the European theater, the B-29 discovered its niche on the other side of the globe. In the Pacific, B-29s delivered a selection of aerial weapons: traditional bombs, incendiary bombs, mines, and two nuclear weapons.

On August 6, 1945, this Martin-constructed B-29-45-MO dropped the initial atomic weapon utilised in combat on Hiroshima, Japan. Three days later, Bockscar (on display at the U.S. Air Force Museum near Dayton, Ohio) dropped a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan. Enola Gay flew as the advance weather reconnaissance aircraft that day. A third B-29, The Great Artiste, flew as an observation aircraft on each missions.

Transferred from the United States Air Force.

Manufacturer:
Boeing Aircraft Co.
Martin Co., Omaha, Nebr.

Date:
1945

Country of Origin:
United States of America

Dimensions:
All round: 900 x 3020cm, 32580kg, 4300cm (29ft 6 five/16in. x 99ft 1in., 71825.9lb., 141ft 15/16in.)

Components:
Polished overall aluminum finish

Physical Description:
Four-engine heavy bomber with semi-monoqoque fuselage and high-aspect ratio wings. Polished aluminum finish general, common late-Globe War II Army Air Forces insignia on wings and aft fuselage and serial quantity on vertical fin 509th Composite Group markings painted in black &quotEnola Gay&quot in black, block letters on lower left nose.

OH!!! Vespa…

OH!!! Vespa…

Klarm Prototyping

Verify out these prototype engineering photos:

OH!!! Vespa…
prototype engineering
Image by Shaojin+AT
Image: Vespa
Place: Loews Portofino Bay, Orlando

Vespa is an Italian brand of scooter manufactured by Piaggio. The name implies wasp in Italian.
The Vespa has evolved from a single model motor scooter manufactured in 1946 by Piaggio &amp Co. S.p.A. of Pontedera, Italy—to a full line of scooters and one of seven firms today owned by Piaggio—now Europe’s largest manufacturer of two-wheeled autos and the world’s fourth biggest motorcycle manufacturer by unit sales.[1]
From their inception, Vespa scooters have been recognized for their painted, pressed steel unibody which combines a total cowling for the engine (enclosing the engine mechanism and concealing dirt or grease), a flat floorboard (providing foot protection), and a prominent front fairing (providing wind protection) into a structural unit.

History

Vespa 150 TAP, modified by the French military, that incorporated an anti tank weapon
Post World War II Italy, in light of its agreement to cessation of war activities with the Allies, had its aircraft industry severely restricted in both capability and capacity.
Piaggio emerged from the conflict with its Pontedera fighter plane plant demolished by bombing. Italy’s crippled economy and the disastrous state of the roads did not help in the re-development of the automobile markets. Enrico Piaggio, the son of Piaggio’s founder Rinaldo Piaggio, decided to leave the aeronautical field in order to address Italy’s urgent require for a contemporary and inexpensive mode of transportation for the masses.
[edit]Notion
The inspiration for the design and style of the Vespa dates back to Pre-World War II Cushman scooters produced in Nebraska, USA. These olive green scooters have been in Italy in big numbers, ordered originally by Washington as field transport for the Paratroops and Marines. The US military had utilized them to get around Nazi defense tactics of destroying roads and bridges in the Dolomites (a section of the Alps) and the Austrian border regions.
[edit]Design and style

Piaggio MP5 &quotPaperino&quot, the initial Piaggio prototype
In 1944, Piaggio engineers Renzo Spolti and Vittorio Casini developed a motorcycle with bodywork fully enclosing the drivetrain and forming a tall splash guard at the front. In addition to the bodywork, the style incorporated handlebar-mounted controls, forced air cooling, wheels of little diameter, and a tall central section that had to be straddled. Officially recognized as the MP5 (&quotMoto Piaggio no. five&quot), the prototype was nicknamed &quotPaperino&quot.[2]
Enrico Piaggio was displeased with the MP5, particularly the tall central section. He contracted aeronautical engineer Corradino D’Ascanio, to redesign the scooter.[2] D’Ascanio, who had earlier been consulted by Ferdinando Innocenti about scooter design and style and manufacture, made it instantly identified that he hated motorcycles, believing them to be bulky, dirty, and unreliable.[3]
D’Ascanio’s MP6 prototype had its engine mounted beside the rear wheel. The wheel was driven straight from the transmission, eliminating the drive chain and the oil and dirt linked with it. The prototype had a unit spar frame with stress-bearing steel outer panels.[three] These changes allowed the MP6 to have a step-by means of style with out a centre section like that of the MP5 Paperino. The MP6 design also integrated a single sided front suspension, interchangeable front and rear wheels mounted on stub axles, and a spare wheel. Other functions of the MP6 have been equivalent to these on the Paperino, which includes the handlebar-mounted controls and the enclosed bodywork with the tall front splash guard.[two]
Upon seeing the MP6 for the first time Enrico Piaggio exclaimed: &quotSembra una vespa!&quot (&quotIt resembles a wasp!&quot) Piaggio successfully named his new scooter on the spot.[3][4] Vespa is both Latin and Italian for wasp—derived from the vehicle’s body shape: the thicker rear portion connected to the front component by a narrow waist, and the steering rod resembled antennae. The name also refers to the high-pitched noise of the two-stroke engine.[citation needed]

Source from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespa

Sinsheim – Technikmuseum Sinsheim – Aérospatiale-BAC Concorde 101-102 Air France F-BVFB 04
prototype engineering
Image by Daniel Mennerich
Aérospatiale-BAC Concorde is a retired turbojet-powered supersonic passenger airliner or supersonic transport (SST). It is a single of only two SSTs to have entered commercial service the other was the Tupolev Tu-144. Concorde was jointly created and developed by Aérospatiale and the British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) under an Anglo-French treaty. Very first flown in 1969, Concorde entered service in 1976 and continued industrial flights for 27 years.

Among other destinations, Concorde flew regular transatlantic flights from London Heathrow and Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport to New York JFK, Washington Dulles and Barbados it flew these routes in significantly less than half the time of other airliners. With only 20 aircraft built, the improvement of Concorde was a substantial economic loss Air France and British Airways also received considerable government subsidies to buy them. Concorde was retired in 2003 due to a common downturn in the aviation business following the type’s only crash in 2000, the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001, and a choice by Airbus, the successor firm of Aérospatiale and BAC, to discontinue maintenance support.

A total of 20 aircraft had been constructed in France and the United Kingdom six of these had been prototypes and development aircraft. Seven every have been delivered to Air France and British Airways. Concorde’s name reflects the development agreement amongst the United Kingdom and France. In the UK, any or all of the type—unusually for an aircraft—are identified merely as &quotConcorde&quot, without having an post. The aircraft is regarded by many men and women as an aviation icon and an engineering marvel.

Sinsheim – Technikmuseum Sinsheim – Concorde 101-102 Air France F-BVFB Tu-144D CCCP-77112
prototype engineering
Image by Daniel Mennerich
Aérospatiale-BAC Concorde is a retired turbojet-powered supersonic passenger airliner or supersonic transport (SST). It is one particular of only two SSTs to have entered commercial service the other was the Tupolev Tu-144. Concorde was jointly developed and created by Aérospatiale and the British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) below an Anglo-French treaty. Very first flown in 1969, Concorde entered service in 1976 and continued commercial flights for 27 years.

Amongst other destinations, Concorde flew normal transatlantic flights from London Heathrow and Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport to New York JFK, Washington Dulles and Barbados it flew these routes in significantly less than half the time of other airliners. With only 20 aircraft constructed, the development of Concorde was a substantial financial loss Air France and British Airways also received considerable government subsidies to buy them. Concorde was retired in 2003 due to a basic downturn in the aviation market after the type’s only crash in 2000, the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001, and a decision by Airbus, the successor firm of Aérospatiale and BAC, to discontinue maintenance help.

A total of 20 aircraft were built in France and the United Kingdom six of these have been prototypes and improvement aircraft. Seven every single were delivered to Air France and British Airways. Concorde’s name reflects the improvement agreement among the United Kingdom and France. In the UK, any or all of the type—unusually for an aircraft—are identified just as &quotConcorde&quot, with no an report. The aircraft is regarded by several individuals as an aviation icon and an engineering marvel.

The Tupolev Tu-144 (NATO name: &quotCharger’&quot) was the first commercial supersonic transport aircraft (SST). It was one particular of only two SSTs to enter commercial service, the other getting the Anglo-French Concorde. The design and style, publicly unveiled in January 1962, was constructed in the Soviet Union beneath the path of the Tupolev design and style bureau, headed by Alexei Tupolev.

The prototype very first flew on 31 December 1968 close to Moscow, two months just before the 1st flight of Concorde. The Tu-144 initial went supersonic on 5 June 1969, and on 26 Could 1970 became the very first commercial transport to exceed Mach 2. The frequent comparisons to Concorde led to the Tu-144 being identified as &quotConcordski&quot in the West.

A Tu-144 crashed in 1973 at the Paris Air Show, delaying its further improvement. The aircraft was introduced into passenger service on 1 November 1977, practically two years after Concorde. In May possibly 1978, yet another Tu-144 (an enhanced version, named Tu-144D) crashed in a test flight even though being delivered, and the passenger fleet was permanently grounded right after only 55 scheduled flights. The aircraft remained in use as a cargo plane until 1983, by which point a total of 102 commercial flights had been completed.

The Tu-144 was later used by the Soviet space programme to train pilots of the Buran spacecraft, and by NASA for supersonic investigation.

´While several Tu-144s have been donated to museums in Moscow Monino, Samara and Ulyanovsk, at least two Tu-144D remained in open storage in Moscow Zhukovsky.

Tu-144S, tail quantity 77106, is on display at Central Air Force Museum of Russia in Monino. Maiden flight was on four March 1975, the final one on 29 February 1980. The plane was utilized to assess the effectiveness of the air-conditioning systems and to solve some problems on the fuel technique. It can be deemed the first production aircraft, becoming the first to be equipped for industrial use and delivered to Aeroflot. The initial operational flight was on 26 December 1975 in between Moscow and Alma-Ata carrying cargo and mail. This aircraft was the very first SST to land on a dirty runway when she was retired to Monino .

One more Tu-144, tail quantity 77107, is on open display in Kazan. The plane was constructed in 1975 and was a production model intended for passenger use. Nonetheless, it was only employed during test flights. On 29 March 1976 it made its final flight to Kazan.

TU-144S, tail number 77108, is on display in the museum of Samara State Aerospace University. It created its maiden flight on 12 December 1975, and its final flight on 27 August 1987. Improvement performs on navigation program had been created in this aircraft as properly as flight-director approach.

TU-144S, tail number 77110, is on show at the Museum of Civil Aviation in Ulyanovsk. Maiden flight occurred on 14 February 1977, the final Flight on 1 June 1984. This aircraft was the second of the two planes utilized for normal passengers’ flights on Moscow – Alma-Ata route. In 1977 it flew to Paris to take element in the XXXII Paris Air Show at Le Bourget Airport. This was the final appearance of a Tu-144 in West Europe. CCCP-77110 was the last plane created of the model Tu-144S, powered with Kuznetsov NK-144A engines. In the first half of 2008 the cabin was open for visits and in between August and September was restored and painted in the original Aeroflot livery .

The only Tu-144, tail number 77112, on show outdoors the former Soviet Union was acquired by the Auto &amp Technikmuseum Sinsheim in Germany, exactly where it was shipped – not flown – in 2001 and where it now stands, in its original Aeroflot livery, on show next to an Air France Concorde.

Evernote&#39s CEO just ripped out and replaced his whole leadership team

Klarm Prototyping

Evernote&#39s CEO just ripped out and replaced his entire leadership team
Roughly eight months after taking the prime job, Evernote&#39s CEO announced a new group of lieutenants on Friday that he hopes will return the company to its glory days. Evernote CEO Chris O&#39Neill introduced a group of seven execs to aid run the business.
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Seagate, USCAS Urge Congress to Totally Fund FY17 Supercomputing Budget
Provided divided government and the election year, the U.S. FY17 budget discussions are likely to be far more contentious than usual. Seagate tweeted yesterday that it and fellow industry members of the U.S. Coalition for the Advancement of Supercomputing&nbsp…
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Produced in Lawrence

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Made in Lawrence
The skirt she wore Wednesday evening was not made in China, Bangladesh, India or Vietnam. She produced it herself. For the duration of the forum, she assembled … Software design and style, woodworking, textiles, boat creating – the Merrimack River is only a couple of hundred feet …
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Octave Light R1 aims to bring reasonably priced, industrial-grade DLP 3D printing …
Octave Light, a 3D printing startup based out of China and Hong Kong, has spent the past few years designing, prototyping and refining a leading-down DLP 3D printer that would not only match industrial-grade standards for accuracy and resolution, but also …
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HLH Prototypes Offers Plastic Injection Molding Services With a Distinction and …
Whether or not customers are looking for CNC machining, vacuum casting, die casting, speedy tooling, injection molding, laser cutting and bending, rapid tooling or production tooling, HLH Prototypes is committed to providing leading-notch services, at excellent rates …
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